JESUS TAUGHT THE PARABLE OF THE HUSBANDMEN
1 And, He began to speak to them in parables:
“A man planted a vineyard.
And, he set a wall around it.
And, he dug out a place for a receptacle under the winepress.
And, he built a watchtower.
And, he leased[1] it to husbandmen.
And, he left home.
2 And at vintage-time he dispatched a slave to the husbandmen, in order that from the husbandmen he might receive something from the fruit[2] of the vineyard.
3 Now,[3] the husbandmen[4], taking him, beat him. And, they sent him away empty-handed.
4 And, again, he dispatched to them another slave. And, being ones having thrown stones[5] at that one, they wounded him in the head. And, they sent him away, as one having had no value[6].
5 And, again[7] he dispatched another. And, that one they killed.
And, he dispatched many other slaves. On the one hand, they were ones who were flogging the[8] slaves. On the other hand, they were ones who were killing the[9] slaves.
6 So then,[10] still having one son[11] – beloved by him – he dispatched even[12] him to them last[13], saying, ‘They shall reverence the son that is mine.’
7 Now, those, the husbandmen, said among themselves, ‘This one is the heir. Come! Let us kill him; and, the inheritance shall be OURS!’
8 And, having taken him, they killed him. And, they cast him[14] out, outside of the vineyard.
9 “So then, what shall the lord of the vineyard do? He shall come, and he shall destroy the husbandmen. And, he shall give the vineyard to others.
JESUS TAUGHT THE PARABLE OF THE BUILDERS
10 Have you not even read the Writing – namely, this one: ‘A stone which the ones who are building rejected as unworthy, THIS ONE has been caused to become the chief cornerstone. 11 Issuing from YaHWeH[15], this has come about. And, it is marvelous in our eyes!’[16]?”
12 And, they were seeking to seize Him. And, they feared the throng. For, they knew that against them He spoke the parable. And, having left Him, they went away.
JESUS ANSWERED A QUESTION
ABOUT OBEYING THE GOVERNMENT
13 And, they dispatch to Him some of the Pharisees and the Herodians, in order that they might catch Him by a word.
14 Now,[17] the Pharisees and Herodians, having come, are saying to Him, “Teacher, we know that You are truthful. And, it is not a care to You about anyone. For, You do not look with regard for the countenance of people. Rather, on the basis of truth You are teaching the Way of the God.
Is it lawful to give a poll tax to Caesar, or not? May we give, or may we not give?”
15 Now, the Jesus, knowing the hypocrisy that was theirs, said to them, “Why are you testing Me? Be bringing to Me a denarius[18] in order that I might see it.”
16 Now, the Pharisees and Herodians brought it.
And, He says to them, “Whose image is this? And, the inscription?”
Now, the Pharisees and Herodians said to Him, “Caesar’s.”
17 And,[19] responding,[20] the Jesus said to them, “Render the things that are due to Caesar to Caesar; and, the things that are due to God to God.”
And, they greatly marveled[21] at Him.
JESUS CORRECTED THE SADDUCEES
CONCERNING MARRIAGE
AFTER THE RESURRECTION OF OUR BODIES
18 And, Sadducees came to Him; such as say that there is no resurrection. And, they asked Him[22], saying: 19 “Teacher, Moses[23] wrote to us: “If ever anyone’s brother might die and might leave a wife behind and might not leave children[24], that the brother that is his should take the wifethat was his[25] and should raise up offspring for the brother that was his.”[26]
20 There were seven brothers.
And, the first took a wife. And, having died, he did not leave an offspring.
21 And, the second took her. And, he died. Neither did he, for his part, leave an offspring.[27]
And, the third, likewise.
22 And, the seven took her, and they[28] did not leave offspring.
Last of all, also the woman died.
23 In the Resurrection, whenever they might rise, of which of them shall she be wife? For, the seven brothers had her as wife.”
24 And, responding, the Jesus said to them[29], “Are you not for this reason being led astray – not having lastingly known either the Writings or the Power of the God?
25 For, whenever they might rise from among dead ones, they neither marry nor are they lastingly given[30] in marriage. Rather, they are like messengers[31] in the heavens.
JESUS CORRECTED THE SADDUCEES
CONCERNING THE RESURRECTION OF OUR ENTIRE SELVES
26 Now, concerning the dead ones – that they are being raised: have you not read in the Book of Mosesabout the Bush, inasmuch as[32] Elohim[33] spoke to him, saying, ‘I, for my part, am[34]
27 He is NOT Elohim[39] of dead ones but, rather, God[40] of living ones.
So then, you, for your part,[41] are greatly led astray.”
JESUS TAUGHT A SCRIBE WHAT THE MOST IMPORTANT COMMANDMENTS ARE
28 And, having come to Him, one of the Scribes, having heard them disputing with each other, having lastingly seen[42] that He had responded to them excellently, inquired of Him, “Which is the foremost injunction of all[43]?”
29 Now, the Jesus responded to him[44], “First of all the Injunctions is[45]: ‘Keep on hearing, Israel: YaHWeH[46], Elohim[47]who isyours[48], YaHWeH[49] is ONE! 30 And, you[50] shall love YaHWeH[51], Elohim[52] who isyours,
- with the whole of the heart that is yours,
- with the whole of the psyche[53] that is yours, and
- with the whole of the mind that is yours, and
- with the whole of the strength that is yours.’[54]
This is Injunction One[55].
31 And,[56] next, like it,[57] is this injunction: ‘You shall love the neighbor that is yours as yourself.’[58]
There is no other injunction greater than these.”
32 And, the Scribe to Him said, “Excellently said, Teacher! You have spoken in truth that
- He is ONE, and
- there is NOT another besides Him! 33 and,
- to be loving Him
- with all of the heart, and
- with all of the understanding, and
- with all of the psyche[59] [60] and
- with all of the strength, and
- to be loving the neighbor as oneself
is more[61] than all of the whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.”
34 And, the Jesus, having observed him – that thoughtfully he responded, said to him, “You are not far from the Kingdom of the God.”
And, no one any longer dared to question Him.
JESUS TAUGHT
THAT THE ANOINTED ONE IS BOTH GOD AND MAN
35 And, responding, the Jesus was saying while teaching in the Temple, “How is it that the Scribes are saying, ‘The Anointed One is a SON of David.[62]’?
36 For,[63] he, David, said by means of spirit – that is, a holy spirit[64]: ‘The YaHWeH[65] speaks[66] to the[67] Lord[68] Who is mine, “Keep on sitting at My right hand, until ever I might make the enemies that are Yours a footstool[69] for the feet that are Yours.’[70]
37 So then[71], David himself calls Him ‘Lord.’ From what source is his son[72]?”
And, the great throng was hearing Him gladly.
JESUS TAUGHT THAT HYPOCRITICAL SCRIBES
WOULD RECEIVE GREATER CONDEMNATION
38 And, He was saying to them in the Teaching that was His[73], “Keep on looking away from the Scribes –
- the ones who are desiring
- to walk around in stately robes, and
- salutations in the marketplaces,
- 39 the seats of honor in the synagogues, and
- the best places to recline at the feasts –
- 40 the ones who are devouring the houses of the widows, and
- the ones who with pretense are praying long!
These shall receive greater condemnation.”
JESUS COMMENDED THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE POOR WIDOW
41 And, the Jesus[74], having sat opposite the guarded treasury chest, was contemplating how the throng was throwing copper in the guarded treasury chest. And, many rich ones threw in[75] much.
42 And, having come, one beggarly poor widow threw in two lepta, which is a quadrans[76].
43 And, having called the Disciples that were His to Himself, He speaks[77] to them: “Assuredly, I say to you that the widow – namely, this one, the beggarly poor one – has lastingly thrown in[78] more than all those who are throwing copper into the guarded treasury chest! 44 For, they all out of their abundance threw copper in. Now, this woman, out of the poverty that is hers, threw in all such as she had – the whole of it, the livelihood that was hers!”
[1] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘leased’ instead of ‘was leasing’.
[2] 97.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘fruit’ here instead of the plural ‘fruits’.
[3] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘Now,’ here instead of ‘And,’.
[4] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include a definite article indicating the husbandman as translated ‘the husbandmen’ here. The NU omits it.
[5] 96% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the participle ‘being ones having thrown stones at’ here.
[6] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘they sent him away, as one having had no value’ instead of ‘they held him as having no value’.
[7] 98.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘again’ again here.
[8] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘the slaves’ here instead of ‘which slaves’.
[9] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘the slaves’ here instead of ‘which slaves’.
[10] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘So then,’ here.
[11] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘having (present participle) one son’ here instead of ‘he was having (imperfect verb) one son’.
[12] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘even’ here.
[13] 89.3% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘to them last’ here instead of ‘last to them’.
[14] 95% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), do not include the personal pronoun ‘him’ here, although, as in the previous clause, it is implied in Greek.
[15] ‘YaHWeH’ – An Greek noun meaning ‘Lord’ which is not preceded by a definite article appears here. The New Testament writers often use this to refer to ‘YaHWeH’, the eternally existing God mentioned in the Old Testament. This is especially true when this unarticulated noun appears in a quotation from the Old Testament, as is the case here.
[16] A reference to Ps 118:22-23
[17] 98.8% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘Now,’ here instead of ‘And,’
[18] A denarius was the wage of a common working man for one day.
[19] 98.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘And,’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU omits this word.
[20] 98.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the participle ‘responding,’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU omits it.
[21] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘marveled’ here instead of ‘were greatly marveling’.
[22] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘they asked Him’ (aorist verb) here instead of ‘were asking Him’ (imperfect verb).
[23] 90% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have the spelling transliterated as ‘Moses” here instead of ‘Mo-ouses’.
[24] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘children’ here. On the basis of 0.5% the NU has ‘a child’.
[25] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the possessive pronoun that is translated as ‘that was his’ here.
[26] A reference to Deuteronomy 25:5
[27] 94.1% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘… died. Neither did he, his part, leave an offspring.’ here. On the basis of 0.8% the NU has ‘… died, not leaving behind an offspring’.
[28] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘And, the seven took her. And, they’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU has ‘And, the seven’.
[29] 96% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘And, responding, the Jesus said to them’ instead of ‘to them the Jesus was saying’.
[30] 94% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘are they lastingly given’ instead of ‘are they given’.
[31]‘messengers’ – the Greek word here is transliterated as ‘angels’, It can refer to human, heavenly, and even divine ‘messengers’, depending on context. Here it refers to heavenly messengers or what we call ‘angels’.
[32] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘inasmuch as’ here instead of ‘how’.
[33]‘Elohim’ – The Greek words here are ὁ θεὸς. They would normally be translated as ‘the God’. However, as you will note in the verse from Exodus 3:6 which Jesus immediately quotes, the actual name for ‘the God’ in this verse is ‘Elohim’ (אֱלֹהִ֑ים), a plural Hebrew noun meaning ‘divine ones’. Likely, Jesus was speaking in Hebrew (or, at least, Aramaic) to these Jewish Sadducees and would have used the same name ‘the God’ here as He would have spoken as He quoted Exodus 3:6 which includes this name for ‘the God’ three times.
[34]‘am’ – curiously, this inferred stative verb is the crux of Jesus’ argument!
[35]‘Elohim’ – The Greek words here are ὁ θεὸς. They would normally be translated as ‘the God’. The actual name for ‘the God’ in Exodus 3:6 is ‘Elohim’ (אֱלֹהִ֑ים), a plural Hebrew noun meaning ‘divine ones’. .
[36]‘Elohim’ – 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the definite article ‘the’ here, so it would read ‘the God’. However, this noun phrase appears to be a code for the word which actually appears in Exodus 3:6.
[37]‘Elohim’ – 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the definite article ‘the’ here, so it would read ‘the God’. However, this noun phrase appears to be a code for the word which actually appears in Exodus 3:6.
[38] A reference to Exodus 3:6
[39]‘Elohim’ – 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the definite article ‘the’ here, so it would read ‘the God’. However, this noun phrase appears to be a code for the word which actually appears in Exodus 3:6.
[40] 75% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘God’ (without a definite article) here.
[41] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the words ‘So then, you, for your part,’.
[42] 96% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘having lastingly seen’ (a perfect participle) here instead of ‘having seen’ (an aorist participle).
[43] ‘all’ – In 25% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), this word is feminine, corresponding to the gender of ‘injunction’. On the basis of 2% the NU has an ‘all’ which is masculine.
[44] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘Now, the Jesus responded to him’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU has ‘The Jesus responded’.
[45] 25% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘The first of all the Injunctions is’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU has ‘The first is’.
[46] YaHWeH – The Greek has the unarticulated word for ‘Lord’ here. The New Testament writers used this unarticulated word to indicate the divine Hebrew name for God – namely, יְהוָ֨ה (Yahweh). Indeed, that is the name in Deuteronomy 6:4-5.
[47] ‘Elohim’ is a transliteration of אֱלֹהִ֑ים (Elohim), the Old Testament name for God used here in Deuteronomy 6:4-5. The Greek noun phrase that appears here is ὁ θεὸς, which would normally just be translated as ‘the God’. However, the New Testament writers used this Greek phrase to refer to Elohim, especially in quotations from the Old Testament.
[48] 25% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘yours’ (plural) here instead of ‘ours’.
[49] YaHWeH – The Greek has the unarticulated word for ‘Lord’ here. The New Testament writers used this unarticulated word to indicate the divine Hebrew name for God – namely, יְהוָ֨ה (Yahweh). Indeed, that is the name in Deuteronomy 6:4-5.
[50] ‘you’ – This and all of the other second person pronouns in this verse are singular.
[51] YaHWeH – The Greek has the unarticulated word for ‘Lord’ here. The New Testament writers used this unarticulated word to indicate the divine Hebrew name for God – namely, יְהוָ֨ה (Yahweh). Indeed, that is the name in Deuteronomy 6:4-5.
[52] ‘Elohim’ is a transliteration of אֱלֹהִ֑ים (Elohim), the Old Testament name for God used here in Deuteronomy 6:4-5. The Greek noun phrase that appears here is ὁ θεὸς, which would normally just be translated as ‘the God’. However, the New Testament writers used this Greek phrase to refer to Elohim, especially in quotations from the Old Testament.
[53]‘psyche’ – is a transliteration of the Greek word ψυχῆς which appears here. It refers to the immaterial aspect of ones being which thinks, feels, decides, etc.
[54] A reference to Deuteronomy 6:4-5
[55] 85.3% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the words ‘This is Injunction One.’ On the basis of 1.1% the NU omits these words.
[56] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the word ‘And,’ here. On the basis of 1% the NU omits it.
[57] 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘like it,’ here. On the basis of 0.5% the NU omits it.
[58] A reference to Leviticus 19:18
[59]‘psyche’ – is a transliteration of the Greek word ψυχῆς which appears here. It refers to the immaterial aspect of ones being which thinks, feels, decides, etc.
[60] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘and with all of the psyche’ here.
[61] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘more’ here rather than ‘extraordinarily more’
[62] 95% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘is a SON of David’ instead of ‘a son of David is’.
[63] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the word ‘For,’ here.
[64] 90% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘by means of spirit – that is, a holy spirit’ here instead of ‘by means of the Spirit – that is, the Holy Spirit’. The definite articles are lacking. Of course, a ‘holy’ spirit will speak what the Holy Spirit inspires it to speak.
[65]‘YaHWeH’ – these Jews would all know that the Hebrew word here was ‘YaHWeH’ (יְהוָ֨ה). Generally, such references to this divine name are indicated by an unarticulated ‘Lord’. Here, Jesus adds a definite article.
[66] 80% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘speaks’ here rather than ‘says’.
[67] 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the word ‘the’ here. On the basis of 0.5% the NU omits it.
[68]‘Lord’ – These Jews would all know that the Hebrew word here was Adonai(אדֹנִ֗י), a title meaning ‘lord’ or ‘master’.
[69] 99.5% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have the noun ‘footstool’ here. On the basis of 0.5% the NU has the preposition ‘under’.
[70] A reference to Psalm 110:1
[71] 98% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include ‘So then,’ here.
[72] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘from what source is his son’ here instead of ‘from what source of his is a son’.
[73] 97% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘And, He was saying to them in the Teaching that was His’ here. On the basis of 1% NU has ‘And, in the Teaching that is His he was saying,’.
[74] 99% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), include the words ‘the Jesus’ here.
[75] 35% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘threw in’ (aorist verb) here instead of ‘were throwing in’ (imperfect verb).
[76] A ‘quadrans’ is equal to 1/64 of a day’s wage. A ‘quandrans’ is only half of that!
[77] 85% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), has ‘speaks’ here instead of ‘said’.
[78] 89.7% of the Greek manuscripts, including the best line of transmission (f35), have ‘has lastingly thrown in’ here instead of ‘threw in’.